Governor Nasir El-Rufai has stated that Nigeria is not collecting enough tax returns as it should.
Delivering a keynote address at the 22nd Annual Tax Conference of the
Chartered Institute of Taxation of Nigeria (CITN) in Lagos on Thursday
November 5, the Kaduna state Governor averred that there is still much
potential for growing Value Added Tax (VAT) and independent revenues of
the Federal Government than what is being collected presently.
El-Rufai who stressed that the low rate of internal revenue
collection depresses public finances, hampers the ability to deliver
social goods, services and physical infrastructure, limits
competitiveness, shrinks the ability to promote the sort of enabling
environment and economic dynamism that can create jobs, expand public
revenues and improve public welfare, also noted that there is
considerable resistance to the hike in VAT from 5 percent to 7.5 percent
even though Nigeria’s rates are still much lower than other neighboring
countries.
Pointing out that a minority of Nigerians who pay income tax are
mostly those whose taxes are deducted at source (including the formal
sector employees, public servants and the like). He listed Lagos and Edo
as states that have done relatively well in terms of tax revenue
mobilization at the subnational level.
“With national tax revenues (oil and non-oil) still less than 7
percent of GDP, Nigeria is way behind the average of comparator nations
of about 20% of GDP. As the world goes green, and crude oil loses its
primacy as a leading source of energy, Nigeria must look inwards and
compel every adult to pay tax as part of our citizenship obligation.
“In light of the situation that we are, we have very few options
other than develop our capacity to collect to broaden the tax net,
assess and collect taxes from individuals and companies to levels of our
comparator nations – at least 20% of GDP within the shortest possible
timeframe. As political leaders and tax professionals, we must put our
collective heads together to ensure this national objective is achieved
as soon as possible.
“The total internally generated revenues by states are currently
less than one percent of GDP, despite the fact that Nigeria’s current
fiscal federalism framework allows states (and local governments) to
collect many taxes, levies and fees as in the Taxes and Levies (Approved
List for Collection) Act, LFN CAP T02.
“We were determined from 2015 to assess and collect enough tax
revenues to cover at least our personnel costs, and in the medium term,
our entire recurrent budget such that we don’t need to wait for the
monthly FAAC ‘handouts’ to keep our governmental operations running.
“To underscore our commitment to this, the then Deputy Governor
and I resolved to donate 50 percent of our salaries and allowances to
the state treasury until we are able to achieve the first benchmark.We
did so in 2019!
“The positive effects of tax revenue depend on prudence. For
instance, efficient infrastructure enable firms to be competitive, and
inefficient infrastructure harms competitiveness. Excessive taxation can
be an added business burden that also adversely affects
competitiveness. For example, multiple and high levels of taxation
affect supply and output prices, firm revenues, and profits.
“The pace of national development, especially in developing and
emerging economies such as Africa critically depends on the role
government plays in providing both the traditional services that are her
exclusive reserve such as law and order, defense, etc. and
non-traditional services such as justifiable economic and social
interventions in infrastructure, education and basic healthcare. Recent
literature and country experiences suggest that ‘developmental states’ –
that often intervene significantly in social and economic sectors – are
better able to achieve faster economic growth and diversification than
the regulatory states promoted by the now-discredited Washington
Consensus which pushed for lesser government involvement in the economic
arena.
“From the foregoing, it is clear that four key points have emerged as
the guiding principles for achieving development with taxation:
“Forming and running efficient and effective governments with strong policies, institutions and executive capacity;
“Performance-based budgeting to enhance efficiency and effectiveness in the utilization of government revenues;
“Prioritizing expenditure to intervene in sectors that accelerate national economic growth and performance;
“Building autonomous institutions that reduce uncertainties and
transaction costs, influence socially responsible choices, and compel
rational actions.
“Taxation, Development and Competitiveness:
“Competitiveness is determined by an environment that promotes
investment and innovation by businesses, which enables them to compete
globally and in return attract investment from international companies.
“It is therefore obvious that many factors besides tax policy determine where a company locates its investment.
“These factors include availability of strong institutions,
product/service markets, good infrastructure, educated and skilled labor
and a robust financial system, amongst many others.
“Organizations appear to be more competitive when the tax burden on
them is reduced. The reduction of the corporate tax rate from 30% to 20%
and 0% for companies with turnover of N100M and N25m, respectively, was
expected to boost the competitiveness of Nigeria’s economy.
"This incentive is expected to encourage businesses to innovate,
expand their productive base, increase employment of skilled and
unskilled labour, improve supply chain efficiencies, and attract foreign
direct investment.
“Tax policy is one of the veritable tools available to countries to
improve and promote national competitiveness. No wonder in recent times,
many countries have focused on reducing their corporate income taxes in
order to attract investment and businesses, and create jobs and wider
tax net.
“In Europe, for instance, Belgium considered reducing its corporate
tax rate from 33.99% to 25%, Luxembourg cut its corporate income tax
rate from 26% to 20%, while the overall EU tax rate fell from 45% to
24%. The US also considered reducing corporate taxes from 35% to 21% to
enhance its competitiveness globally.
“What We are Doing about Tax in Kaduna State:
“There has been steady rise in revenue collection in Kaduna State
within the last four years. We have increased our revenues from N23bn in
2016 to N44.9b in 2019, an increase of N21.9bn.
“To appreciate this journey, it is important to recall that revenue
collection in 2015 was N13.55bn. Our government had nearly doubled this
by 2017, prior to the great leap forward in 2019, all this without
hiking tax rates.
“This achievement was made possible through the deliberate
implementation of a carefully designed plan. The main focus has been on
critical reforms, broadening the tax net and automation of processes to
support our ease of doing business charter.
“One of such reforms was the enactment of the Kaduna State Tax (Codification and Consolidation) Law in 2016.
“The law established the Kaduna State Internal Revenue Service
(KADIRS), in place of the defunct Kaduna State Board of Internal Revenue
(KDBIR), in order to holistically turn around the institution into a
more efficient, service delivery agency, with a private sector,
business-like orientation.
“The main thrust of the law is to eliminate multiple taxation,
provide a clearer understanding of taxes and reduce the cost of
compliance.
“Other important features of the Tax Code include the following:
“Empowering KADIRS as the sole revenue collection agency in the State
Prohibiting cash collection which helped to block revenue leakages.
“Providing multiple payment channels to ease compliance encumbrances.
Reducing the number of levies, fees and other charges, especially at the local government level.
“Established a tax information and complaint office in all MDAs
Simplifying tax assessment for the informal sector
“To implement the provisions of the law effectively, the organisation
had to be restructured. KADIRS has a flat structure, with
functions-based departments, for easier co-ordination and synergy. We
have prioritised the expansion of the tax net to increase the number of
taxpayers and potential taxpayers, and we are scaling up advocacy and
public private dialogue”.
“From 2015, we reformed or created new institutions to anchor the
execution of our governance agenda. Amongst other measures, we enacted
legislation to establish a new revenue agency, and a new body to
digitize the land registry and to manage land administration in the
state.
“We created a one-stop shop for investors and passed laws to reform
the management of public finances, including a Fiscal Responsibility
Commission. We enacted a Contributory Pension Law and made the scheme
effective from 1st January 2017. This mix of legislation and new
agencies provide the platform for a coherent approach to supporting
private investment and business growth.
“Within the limited scope of the taxing powers available to a
sub-national government, the Kaduna State Government supports new
business start-ups and investors with tax holidays to help them set up
and stabilize. We waive some of the taxes, levies and fees payable to
the state government to make our state more attractive to investors”.